Causes of halitosis

Causes of halitosis

Major causes
The major causes of halitosis are:

* Dry mouth - caused by medicines, alcohol, stress or a medical condition.
* Foods high in protein, sugar or acid.
* Smoking - which starves the mouth of oxygen.
* Dental factors - such as periodontitis (infection around the teeth) or poor oral hygiene.
* Nasal and sinus infections.

Less common causes
Less common causes of halitosis include:

* Acid and bile reflux from the stomach.
* Post nasal discharge - for example, due to chronic sinusitis.
* Hormonal factors - such as menstrual cycle or pregnancy.
* Foods - such as onions, garlic or cauliflower, which induce certain odours. However, these effects are only short lived.

Symptoms
The features of halitosis can include:

* A white coating on the tongue
* Dry mouth and teeth
* Post nasal drip, or mucous
* Morning bad breath and a burning tongue
* Thick saliva and a constant need to clear your throat
* Constant sour, bitter metallic taste.

Having halitosis can have a major impact on a person. Because of bad breath, other people may back away or turn their heads. This can cause a loss of confidence and self-esteem.

Treating halitosis
There is no one treatment for halitosis. The treatment will depend on what is causing the problem. Good oral hygiene, including brushing and flossing, is important. Some mouthwashes and toothpastes are effective in fighting halitosis. People with chronic sinusitis may find the regular use of a saline nasal spray helpful. A course of an antibiotic, effective against anaerobic bacteria (such as metronidazole, to reduce the overgrowth of sulphur-producing bacteria), may also help. Speak to your dentist, doctor or chemist to identify the cause of your halitosis and to find the most effective treatment for you.

Where to get help

* Your doctor
* Dentist
* Your local chemist.

Things to remember

* Halitosis is caused by sulphur-producing bacteria in the tongue and throat.
* The major causes include a dry mouth caused by certain foods, smoking, poor oral hygiene and hormonal factors.
* The treatment of halitosis will depend on the underlying cause.